Energy use of Oil Refining Plants.
Gerrit van Duijn, Johan Troost, Gerrit den Dekker, MaasRefinery, 
Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Energy is used during oil refining for heating and cooling, steam generation, pumping, and rotation of stirrers, centrifuges, etc.. This energy can be delivered to the plant in the form of electricity, fuel or gas, and sometimes externally produced steam.
The theoretical consumption data of the individual process steps are supplied by the equipment manufacturers. The theoretical energy consumption required for maintaining oil in tanks at temperature follows from heat loss calculations. The theoretical energy consumption of a refining plant is the sum of the consumptions of the individual processes and the nheat loss during storage. Comparison of this theoretical figure with practical data shows in general a considerable difference. This difference is caused by heat losses of the deodorization process, too high heat losses in storage, pipe tracing and plant stoppages.
Practical data for these additional energy losses are measured in the MaasRefinery plant located in the port of Rotterdam.